Hoʻokani ʻo WHO i ka Alarm no ka maʻi maʻi Chikungunya i ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi o Foshan

Ma kahi hoʻomohala e pili ana, ua hoʻokani ka World Health Organization (WHO) i ka puʻupuʻu no ka maʻi chikungunya, kahi maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka namu, ʻoiai ke piʻi mau nei ke kūlana ma Foshan, Kina. Ma Iulai 23, 2025, ua hōʻike ʻo Foshan ma luna o 3,000 mau hihia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o ka maʻi chikungunya, he mau maʻi maʻi ia, e like me ka hōʻike a nā luna olakino hou.

Ka Laha a me ka Poino

Ua haʻi ʻo Diana Alvarez, ke poʻo o ka hui Arbovirus o WHO, ma ka hālāwai kūkā ma Geneva ma Iulai 22 ua ʻike ʻia ka maʻi chikungunya ma 119 mau ʻāina a me nā wahi. Ma kahi o 550 miliona mau kānaka e pilikia ana i kēia maʻi namu, me ka hiki ke loaʻa nā maʻi maʻi nui e hiki ke hoʻopau i nā ʻōnaehana olakino. Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Alvarez ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻopilikia ʻia kahi maʻi maʻi chikungunya ma ka moana ʻĀina ma kahi o 500,000 mau kānaka. I kēia makahiki, ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapakolu o ka heluna kanaka ma ka mokupuni ʻo Reunion nona nā Farani i ka moana ʻĀina i loaʻa i ka maʻi. Ke laha nei ka maʻi ma nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia Hema e like me India a me Bangladesh. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike hou nā ʻāina ʻEulopa e like me Farani a me Italia i nā hihia i lawe ʻia mai, me ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻoili kūloko.

He aha ka Chikungunya Fever?

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Chikungunya kahi maʻi ʻeha loa i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi chikungunya, he lālā o ka genus Alphavirus i loko o ka ʻohana Togaviridae. ʻO ka inoa "chikungunya" mai ka ʻōlelo Kimakonde ma Tanzania, ʻo ia hoʻi "e lilo i kaʻa," e wehewehe pono ana i ke kūlou ʻana o nā maʻi ma muli o ka ʻeha ʻeha nui.

Nā hōʻailona

• ʻO ke kuni: Ke loaʻa ka maʻi, hiki ke piʻi koke ka wela o ke kino o nā maʻi i 39°C a i ʻole 40°C, me ka lōʻihi o ke kuni mai 1-7 lā.
• ʻEha Hui: ʻO ka ʻeha hui pū kekahi hōʻailona hōʻailona. Hoʻopilikia pinepine ia i nā hui liʻiliʻi o nā lima a me nā wāwae, e like me nā manamana lima, nā pulima lima, nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae, a me nā manamana wāwae. Hiki ke ʻeha loa ka ʻeha a hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea maʻi, a i kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka ʻeha hui ke hoʻomau no nā pule, mahina, a i ʻole 3 mau makahiki.
• Rash: Ma hope o ke kuni kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā maʻi e hoʻomohala i ka ʻūhā ma ke kumu, nā lālā, nā poho lima, a me nā wāwae. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka maʻi 2-5 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi a aia ma ke ʻano o nā maculopapules ʻulaʻula.
• Nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe: Hiki i nā poʻe maʻi ke loaʻa i ka myalgia maʻamau, ka ʻeha ʻeha, ka nausea, ka luaʻi, ka luhi, a me ka conjunctival congestion. I nā hihia kakaikahi, loaʻa paha i kekahi poʻe maʻi nā hōʻailona digestive-tract e like me ka pau ʻana o ka ʻai a me ka ʻeha ʻōpū.

Hiki i ka hapa nui o nā poʻe maʻi ke hoʻōla mai ka maʻi chikungunya. Eia nō naʻe, i nā manawa liʻiliʻi, hiki ke loaʻa nā pilikia koʻikoʻi e like me ke koko, encephalitis, a me ka myelitis, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola. ʻO ka poʻe ʻelemakule, nā kamaliʻi, a me nā poʻe me nā kūlana olakino e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka ulu ʻana i nā pilikia.

Nā Alanui Hoʻouna

ʻO ke ʻano mua o ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻi chikungunya ma o ka nahu ʻana o nā makika Aedes i maʻi ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Aedes aegypti a me Aedes albopictus, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo "nā makika pua." Loaʻa kēia mau makika i ka maʻi ke nahu lākou i ke kanaka a i ʻole ka holoholona me ka viremia (ke kū ʻana o ka maʻi i loko o ke kahe koko). Ma hope o 2-10 mau lā i loko o ka makika, hoʻonui ka maʻi a hiki i ka ʻōpū kohu o ka makika. Ma hope mai, ke nahu ka makika i ke kanaka olakino, hoʻoili ʻia ka maʻi maʻi, e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi. ʻAʻohe mea hōʻike o ka hoʻouna pololei ʻana i ke kanaka-i-kanaka. ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau ka maʻi ma nā ʻāina wela a me nā subtropical. Ua pili loa kona laha me ka hoololi ea o ke kau, a hiki pinepine i ka ma'i ahulau ma hope o ke kau ua. ʻO ia ke kumu o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ua e hāʻawi i nā kumu hoʻohua hou no nā makika Aedes, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kā lākou hoʻohua wikiwiki ʻana a pēlā e hoʻonui ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi.

Nā ʻano ʻike

He kuleana koʻikoʻi nā hoʻokolohua Laboratory i ka hōʻoia pololei ʻana o ka maʻi chikungunya.

ʻIke Virus

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi chikungunya RNA i loko o ka serum a i ʻole ka plasma, hiki ke hōʻoia i ka ʻike. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka maʻi mai ka serum o ka mea maʻi he ala hōʻoia hoʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a me ka manawa.

ʻIke Antibody

• Ho'āʻo Chikungunya IgM: Hiki i kēia hoʻāʻo ke ʻike i nā antibodies IgM kikoʻī i ka maʻi chikungunya. Hoʻomaka maʻamau ka ʻike ʻana o nā antibodies IgM i ke koko 5 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole, no laila pono e hōʻoia ʻia nā hopena IgM maikaʻi ma o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua antibody.
• Ho'āʻo Chikungunya IgG/IgM: Hiki i kēia ho'āʻo ke ʻike i nā antibodies IgG a me IgM i ka manawa like. Hōʻike ʻia nā antibodies IgG ma hope o nā antibodies IgM a hiki ke hōʻike i ka wā i hala a i ʻole ka ʻike mua ʻana i ka maʻi. Hiki i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i nā titers antibody IgG ma waena o ka acute-phase a me ka convalescent-phase sera hiki ke kākoʻo i ka maʻi.
• Ho'āʻo Combo:

◦Zika Virus Antibody IgG/IgM hoao: Hiki ke hoʻohana i ka wā e pono ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka chikungunya mai nā maʻi maʻi Zika, no ka mea, he mau maʻi namu lāua ʻelua me kekahi mau hōʻailona pili.

◦ZIKA IgG/IgM + Chikungunya IgG/IgM Combo Ho'āʻo: Hāʻawi i ka ʻike like ʻana o nā antibodies e kūʻē i nā maʻi maʻi Zika a me chikungunya, he mea pono ia ma nā wahi e hoʻolaha ʻia ai nā maʻi ʻelua.

◦Dengue NS1 + Dengue IgG/IgM + Zika IgG/IgM Combo TestaʻO Dengue NS1 + Dengue IgG/IgM + Zika + Chikungunya Combo Test: He mau ho'āʻo piha loa kēia. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike ʻaʻole wale i ka chikungunya a me Zika akā ʻo nā hōʻailona maʻi dengue pū kekahi. No ka mea ʻo dengue, chikungunya, a me Zika nā maʻi namu a pau me nā hōʻailona like i ka wā mua, hiki i kēia mau hoʻāʻo hui ke kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻokoʻa pololei. Hōʻuluʻulu ka papa ma lalo nei i nā mea nui o kēia mau hoʻokolohua:

ʻIke ʻokoʻa

Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka maʻi maʻi Chikungunya mai kekahi mau maʻi ʻē aʻe ma muli o kāna mau hōʻailona overlapping:

• Ka Ma'i Dengue: Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka maʻi dengue, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka maʻi chikungunya. Akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻeha hui ma ka chikungunya a hoʻomau no ka manawa lōʻihi. I ka ma'i dengue, loa'a ka 'eha a me ka 'i'o, akā, 'a'ole like ka 'eha a lō'ihi e like me ka chikungunya. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka maʻi chikungunya ma mua o ka maʻi dengue. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi o ka dengue, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā hōʻike koko e like me ka nosebleeds, gum bleeding, a me petechiae.
• ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Zika: ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Zika ke kumu pinepine i nā hōʻailona maʻalahi ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka chikungunya. ʻOiai e loaʻa ana nā mea ʻelua me ke kuni, ka ʻeha, a me ka ʻeha hui, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻeha hui ma Zika. Eia hou, pili ka maʻi maʻi Zika me nā pilikia kūikawā e like me ka microcephaly i nā pēpē i hānau ʻia e nā makuahine maʻi, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i ka maʻi chikungunya.
• ʻO'nyong-nyong a me nā maʻi maʻi Alphavirus ʻē aʻe: Loaʻa paha kēia mau maʻi i nā hōʻailona like me ka chikungunya, me ke kuni a me ka ʻeha hui. Eia nō naʻe, koi ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kikoʻī e ʻike pono ai i ka maʻi kumu. No ka laʻana, hiki i nā hoʻāʻo molecular ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā alphavirus ʻokoʻa e pili ana i kā lākou mau kaʻina genetic kūʻokoʻa.
• Erythema Infectiosum: Erythema infectiosum, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka maʻi ʻelima, ma muli o ka parvovirus B19. Hōʻike maʻamau ia me kahi ʻano "paʻi-papalina" ma ka maka, a ukali ʻia e kahi ʻōpala like me ka lacy ma ke kino. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka laha o ka maʻi chikungunya a ʻaʻole paha i loaʻa ke ʻano "paʻi-papalina".
• Nā maʻi lele ʻē aʻe: Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka maʻi maʻi Chikungunya mai ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, ka maʻi ʻala, ka rubella, a me ka mononucleosis infectious. Loaʻa ka maʻi maʻi me nā hōʻailona hanu e like me ka ʻū, ka ʻeha ʻāʻī, a me ka ʻāʻī o ka ihu me ka ʻeha a me ke kino. Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai e nā kiko Koplik i ka waha a me kahi ʻano ʻino e laha ma kahi ʻano kikoʻī. He ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka Rubella me kahi ʻōhū i ʻike mua ʻia a mae koke. Hoʻopili ʻia ka mononucleosis infectious me ka lymphadenopathy kaulana a me nā lymphocytes atypical i loko o ke koko.
• Nā maʻi Rheumatic a me nā maʻi bacteria: Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā maʻi e like me ka rheumatic fever a me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi i ka maʻi ʻokoʻa. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka maʻi Rheumatic me kahi moʻolelo o ka maʻi streptococcal a hiki ke loaʻa me ka carditis me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hōʻailona hui. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka maʻi maʻi bacteria i hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi mau ami, a aia paha nā hōʻailona o ka mumū kūloko e like me ka mahana, ʻulaʻula, a me ka ʻeha nui. Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua Laboratory, me nā moʻomeheu koko a me nā hoʻāʻo antibody kikoʻī, hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kēia mai ka maʻi chikungunya.

Kāohi

ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi chikungunya e kālele ana i ka namu a me ka pale pilikino:

• Ka Namu:

◦Hooponopono Kaiapuni: Ma muli o ka hānau ʻana o nā makika Aedes i ka wai paʻa, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā wahi hoʻohua. Hoʻopili kēia i ka hoʻokahe mau ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā pahu e hiki ai ke hoʻopaʻa i ka wai, e like me nā ipu pua, nā bākeke, a me nā kaila kahiko. Ma nā kūlanakauhale, hiki i ka mālama pono ʻana i nā keʻena mālama wai a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe wai hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ka hānau ʻana o ka makika.

◦Namu Namu a me na Lole Pale: ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea namu e loaʻa ana nā mea hoʻoikaika e like me DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), picaridin, a i ʻole IR3535 hiki ke hoʻopau maikaʻi i nā makika. ʻO ke komo ʻana i nā pālule lima lōʻihi, nā pālule lōʻihi, a me nā pūkuʻu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa nahu namu (ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi), hiki ke hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka nahu ʻana.

• Na Ana Ola Ola:

◦Nānā a me ka ʻike mua: He mea nui ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana nānā pono e ʻike koke i nā hihia o ka maʻi chikungunya. ʻAe kēia i ka hoʻokō wikiwiki ʻana i nā hana hoʻomalu e pale ai i ka laha hou. Ma nā wahi i hoʻopau ʻia ka maʻi a i ʻole ka pilikia o ka hoʻomaka ʻana, pono ka nānā mau ʻana i ka nui o nā namu a me ka hana virus.

◦Hoʻokaʻawale a mālama i nā maʻi: Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā poʻe maʻi i loaʻa i ka maʻi i mea e pale ai i ka nahu hou aʻe o ka namu a me ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi. Pono nā halemai a me nā keʻena mālama ola e hana i nā hana kūpono e pale ai i ka lawe ʻana i ka nosocomial (hospital-acquired). Hoʻohana nui ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i nā hōʻailona, ​​​​e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antipyretics e hōʻemi i ke kuni a me nā analgesics e hoʻomaha i ka ʻeha hui.

I ka hakakā ʻana o ke kaiāulu honua me ka hoʻoweliweli o ka maʻi chikungunya, pono ia i nā poʻe, nā kaiāulu, a me nā aupuni e hana i nā hana e pale ai i ka laha ʻana a pale i ke olakino lehulehu..