WHO Inonzwika Alarm paChikungunya Fever sezvo Foshan's Kuputika Kuputika

Mune imwewo nyaya, World Health Organization (WHO) yaridza mhere pamusoro pechikungunya fever, hosha inoparadzirwa neumhutu, sezvo mamiriro ezvinhu muFoshan, China, ari kuramba achiwedzera. Kubva munaChikunguru 23, 2025, Foshan yakataura zvinopfuura zviuru zvitatu zvakasimbiswa zvechikungunya fever, ese ari nyaya dzakapusa, sekureva kwevakuru vehutano venzvimbo.

Global Kupararira uye Njodzi

Diana Alvarez, mukuru weWHO's Arbovirus Team, akataura pamusangano wevatori venhau muGeneva muna Chikunguru 22 kuti hutachiona hwechikungunya hwakaonekwa munyika 119 nematunhu. Vanhu vanosvika 550 miriyoni vari panjodzi yehutachiona hunotakurwa neumhutu uhwu, pamwe nekubuda kwehosha huru iyo inogona kukanganisa hutano hwehutano. Alvarez akataura kuti makore makumi maviri apfuura, hosha huru chikungunya fever mudunhu reIndian Ocean yakabata vanhu vangangosvika mazana mashanu ezviuru. Gore rino, chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevagari vepaFrance-inomirira Reunion Island muIndian Ocean vakatapukirwa. Hutachiona uhu huri kupararirawo munyika dzeSouth-East Asia seIndia neBangladesh. Zvakare, nyika dzeEurope dzakaita seFrance neItaly dzakangotaura nyaya dzekunze, nekutapurirana kwemuno kwaonekwa zvakare.

Chii chinonzi Chikungunya Fever?

Chikungunya fever chirwere chinotapukira chinokonzerwa nechikungunya virus, nhengo yeAlphavirus genus mukati memhuri yeTogaviridae. Zita rekuti “chikungunya” rinobva mumutauro weKimakonde kuTanzania, zvichireva kuti “kukombama,” iro rinotsanangura zvakajeka kumira kwevarwere nekuda kwekurwadziwa kwakanyanya kwemajoini.

Zviratidzo

• Kupindwa nechando: Kana munhu abatwa nechirwere ichi, tembiricha yemurwere inogona kukurumidza kukwira kusvika pa39°C kana kutosvika 40°C, fivha yacho ichigara kubva pamazuva 1-7.
• Joint Pain: Kurwadza kwemajoini kwakanyanya chiratidzo chechiratidzo. Inowanzobata majoini madiki emaoko netsoka, akadai seminwe, mawoko, zvitsitsinho, uye zvigunwe. Marwadzo anogona kunge akanyanya zvekuti anokanganisa zvakanyanya kufamba kwemurwere, uye mune dzimwe nguva, kurwadziwa kwemajoini kunogona kuramba kwemavhiki, mwedzi, kana kusvika kumakore matatu.
• Rash: Mushure mechikamu chefivha yakanyanya, varwere vazhinji vanoita kuputika pahunde, makumbo, maoko, uye pasi. Kuputika kunowanzoonekwa mazuva 2-5 mushure mekutanga kwechirwere uye iri mumhando ye red maculopapules.
• Zvimwe Zviratidzo: Varwere vanogonawo kuona myalgia yakawanda, kutemwa nemusoro, kurutsa, kurutsa, kuneta, uye conjunctival conjunctival. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, vamwe varwere vanogona kunge vane zviratidzo zvekugaya zvakadai sekurasikirwa kwechido uye kurwadziwa kwepamuviri.

Vazhinji varwere vanogona kupora zvizere kubva chikungunya fever. Zvisinei, muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, zvinetso zvakakomba zvakadai sokubuda ropa, encephalitis, uye myelitis zvinogona kuitika, izvo zvinogona kuisa upenyu pangozi. Vakwegura, vacheche, uye vanhu vane hutano huri pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu vari panjodzi huru yekusangana nematambudziko.

Nzira dzekutumira

Iyo yekutanga nzira yekutapurira chikungunya fever ndeyekurumwa neumhutu hweAedes, kunyanya Aedes aegypti neAedes albopictus, inozivikanwawo se "umhutu hune maruva." Umhutu uhu hunotapukira kana hukaruma munhu kana mhuka ine viremia (kuvapo kweutachiona muropa). Mushure memazuva maviri kusvika gumi mukati memosquito, utachiona hunowedzera uye hunosvika mumatemu eumhutu. Zvadaro, apo umhutu hune utachiona hukaruma munhu ane utano hwakanaka, utachiona hwacho hunotapurirwa, huchikonzera utachiona. Hapana humbowo hwekutapurirana kwakananga kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu. Chirwere ichi chinowanzoitika munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa. Kupararira kwayo kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze emwaka, kazhinji kusvika panhongonya yedenda mushure memwaka wekunaya kwemvura. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuwedzera kwemvura kunopa nzvimbo dzekuberekera humhutu hweAedes, zvichiita kuti dzibereke nekukurumidza uye nekudaro kuwedzera mukana wekutapurirwa kwehutachiona.

Nzira dzekuona

Kuongororwa kwema laboratory kunoita basa rakakosha mukuongororwa kwechikungunya fever.

Kuonekwa kwehutachiona

Reverse-transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) inogona kushandiswa kuona chikungunya virus RNA muserum kana plasma, iyo inogona kusimbisa kuongororwa. Kuparadzanisa hutachiona kubva kune serum yemurwere zvakare inzira yekusimbisa, asi yakanyanya kuoma uye inopedza nguva.

Antibody Kuonekwa

• Chikungunya IgM Test: Muedzo uyu unogona kuona IgM masoja ekudzivirira chirwere akananga kuhutachiona hwechikungunya. IgM antibodies inowanzotanga kuonekwa muropa mazuva mashanu mushure mekutanga kwechirwere. Nekudaro, mhedzisiro yenhema-yakanaka inogona kuitika, saka yakanaka IgM mhedzisiro inowanzoda kusimbiswa nekumisa bvunzo dzeantibody.
• Chikungunya IgG/IgM Test: Muedzo uyu unogona kuona panguva imwe chete masoja ekudzivirira chirwere eIgG neIgM. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere eIgG anoonekwa pava paya pane masoja ekudzivirira chirwere eIgM uye anogona kuratidza kuratidzwa kweutachiona hwapfuura kana hwapfuura. Kuwedzera kwakanyanya kweIgG antibody titers pakati peacute-phase uye convalescent-phase sera inogonawo kutsigira kuongororwa.
• Combo Miedzo:

◦Zika Virus Antibody IgG/IgM Test: Inogona kushandiswa kana paine kudikanwa kwekusiyanisa chikungunya kubva kuZika hutachiona hwehutachiona, sezvo ese ari maviri ezvirwere zvinotapukirwa neumhutu zvine zvimwe zviratidzo zvinopindirana.

◦ZIKA IgG/IgM + Chikungunya IgG/IgM Combo Test: Inobvumira kuonekwa panguva imwe chete yezvirwere zvinopesana neZika uye chikungunya viruses, iyo inobatsira munzvimbo iyo mavhairasi ose angave ari kutenderera.

◦Dengue NS1 + Dengue IgG/IgM + Zika IgG/IgM Combo TestuyeDengue NS1 + Dengue IgG/IgM + Zika + Chikungunya Combo Test: Iyi mimwe miedzo yakazara. Vanogona kuona kwete chikungunya neZika chete asiwo zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwe dengue. Sezvo dengue, chikungunya, uye Zika zvese zviri hosha dzinotakurwa neumhutu dzine zviratidzo zvakafanana mumatanho ekutanga, iyi bvunzo dzecombo dzinogona kubatsira mukusiyana kwakasiyana. Tafura inotevera inopfupikisa zvinhu zvakakosha zvebvunzo idzi:

Differential Diagnosis

Chikungunya fever inoda kusiyaniswa kubva kune zvimwe zvirwere zvakati wandei nekuda kwezviratidzo zvaro zvinopindirana:

• Dengue Fever: Kana ichienzaniswa nefivha yedengue, chikungunya fever ine nguva pfupi yefivha. Asi kurwadziwa kwemajoini mu chikungunya kunonyanya kutaurwa uye kunopfuurira kwenguva yakareba. Mu dengue fever, kurwadziwa kwejoint uye tsandanyama kuripowo asi kazhinji hakuna kuomarara uye kunogara kwenguva refu senge chikungunya. Pamusoro pezvo, chikungunya fever ine hunyoro hwekubuda ropa uchienzaniswa nefivha yedengue. Muzviitiko zvakakomba zvedengue, zviratidzo zvekubuda ropa zvakadai sokubuda ropa mumhino, kubuda kwengamu, uye petechiae zvinowanzoitika.
• Zika Virus Infection: Chirwere cheZika virus chinowanzokonzera zviratidzo zvinyoro zvichienzaniswa ne chikungunya. Kunyange zvazvo zvose zviri zviviri zvinogona kuuya nefivha, kuputika, uye kurwadziwa kwemajoini, kurwadziwa kwemajoini muZika kunowanzo kuderera. Uyezve, hutachiona hweZika hunobatanidza nezvinetso zvakadai se microcephaly mucheche vanoberekwa naamai vane utachiona, izvo zvisingaonekwi mukungunya fever.
• O'nyong-nyong uye Zvimwe Zvirwere zveAlphavirus: Zvirwere izvi zvinogona kunge zvine zviratidzo zvakafanana kune chikungunya, kusanganisira fivha uye kurwadziwa kwemajoini. Zvisinei, ongororo dzakananga dzemurabhoritari dzinodiwa kuti unyatsoona hutachiona hunokonzera. Semuenzaniso, bvunzo dzema molecular dzinogona kusiyanisa pakati peakasiyana alphaviruses zvichienderana neakasiyana genetic sequences.
• Erythema Infectiosum: Erythema infectiosum, inozivikanwawo sechirwere chechishanu, inokonzerwa neparvovirus B19. Iyo inowanzo ratidza nehunhu hwe "mbama-cheek" rash pachiso, ichiteverwa nerechi-kunge rash pamuviri. Kusiyana neizvi, rash mu chikungunya yakanyanya kupararira uye inogona kunge isina chaiyo "mbama-dama" kutaridzika.
• Zvimwe Zvirwere Zvinotapukira: Chikungunya fever inodawo kusiyaniswa nefuruwenza, gwirikwiti, rubella, uye infectious mononucleosis. Influenza inonyanya kuratidza zviratidzo zvekufema senge chikosoro, kurwadziwa kwehuro, uye kusangana kwemhino pamwe nefivha uye kurwadza kwemuviri. Measles inoratidzwa neKoplik makwapa mumuromo uye hunhu hwemapundu hunopararira mune chaiyo pateni. Rubella ine kosi yakapfava ine mapundu anoonekwa kare uye anopera nekukurumidza. Infectious mononucleosis inobatanidzwa neakakurumbira lymphadenopathy uye atypical lymphocytes muropa.
• Rheumatic uye Bhakitiriya Zvirwere: Mamiriro ezvinhu senge rheumatic fever uye bacterial arthritis inofanirwa kutariswa mukusiyana kwekuongororwa. Rheumatic fever inowanzobatanidzwa nenhoroondo ye streptococcal infection uye inogona kupa necarditis kuwedzera kune zviratidzo zvekubatana. Bacterial arthritis inowanzobata imwe kana mashoma majoini, uye panogona kunge paine zviratidzo zvekuzvimba kwenzvimbo sekudziya, kutsvuka, uye kurwadziwa kwakanyanya. Ongororo dzemuLabhoritari, kusanganisira tsika dzeropa uye bvunzo dzeantibody, dzinogona kubatsira kusiyanisa izvi kubva chikungunya fever.

Kudzivirira

Kudzivirira chikungunya fever inonyanya kutarisisa kudzora umhutu uye kuchengetedzwa kwemunhu:

• Mosquito Control:

◦Environmental Management: Sezvo mosquito dzeAedes dzichiberekera mumvura isingayerere, kubvisa nzvimbo dzinogona kuberekesa kwakakosha. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugara uchidurura uye kuchenesa midziyo inogona kuchengeta mvura, yakadai sehari dzemaruva, migomo, uye matai ekare. Mumadhorobha, kutonga kwakanaka kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera mvura nemadhiraini zvinogona kuderedza zvikuru kuberekeswa kweumhutu.

◦Zvinodzinga Umhutu uye Zvipfeko Zvinodzivirira: Kushandisa mishonga inodzinga umhutu ine zvinhu zvinoshanda zvakadai seDEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), picaridin, kana IR3535 inogona kudzinga umhutu. Kupfeka hembe dzine maoko marefu, mabhurugwa marefu, uye masokisi, kunyanya panguva dzekurumwa neumhutu (mambakwedza nemanheru), zvinogonawo kuderedza njodzi yekurumwa neumhutu.

• Hutano Hwevanhu Matanho:

◦Kuongorora uye Kuonekwa Kwekutanga: Kugadzira masisitimu anobudirira ekutarisa kuti aone nyaya dze chikungunya fever nekukurumidza kwakakosha. Izvi zvinobvumira kukurumidza kushandiswa kwematanho ekudzora kudzivirira kuwedzera kupararira. Munzvimbo dzine chirwere ichi kana kuti panjodzi yekutangwa, kuongororwa nguva dzose kwehuwandu hweumhutu uye basa rehutachiona hunodiwa.

◦Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye Kurapwa Kwevarwere: Varwere vane utachiona vanofanira kugariswa kwavo voga kudzivirira kumwe kurumwa neumhutu uye kutapurira utachiona. Zvipatara nenzvimbo dzekuchengetedza hutano zvinofanirwawo kutora matanho akakodzera kudzivirira kutapurirana nosocomial (kuchipatara-yakawanikwa). Kurapa kunonyanya kutarisana nekubvisa zviratidzo, zvakadai sekushandisa antipyretics kuderedza kupisa uye analgesics kubvisa marwadzo emajoini.

Sezvo nharaunda yepasirese ichinetsekana nekutyisidzirwa kwechikungunya fever, zvakakosha kuti vanhu, nharaunda, uye hurumende vatore matanho ekudzivirira kupararira nekuchengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji..