WHO Imamveka Alamu pa Chikungunya Fever Pamene Foshan Akuphulika

Pokhudza chitukuko, bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) lachenjeza za chikungunya fever, matenda ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu, pamene mkhalidwe wa Foshan, China, ukupitirirabe. Pofika pa Julayi 23, 2025, a Foshan adanenanso za milandu yopitilira 3,000 ya chikungunya fever, yonse yomwe ndi yocheperako, malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwa la aboma azaumoyo.

Kufalikira Padziko Lonse ndi Zowopsa

Diana Alvarez, mkulu wa Gulu la Arbovirus la WHO, adanena pamsonkhano wa atolankhani ku Geneva pa July 22 kuti kachilombo ka chikungunya kapezeka m'mayiko ndi madera 119. Anthu pafupifupi 550 miliyoni ali pachiwopsezo cha kachilomboka kofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu, ndi kuthekera kwa miliri yayikulu yomwe ingalepheretse machitidwe azachipatala. Alvarez adanenanso kuti pafupifupi zaka 20 zapitazo, mliri waukulu wa chikungunya m'dera la Indian Ocean unakhudza anthu pafupifupi 500,000. Chaka chino, pafupifupi munthu mmodzi mwa anthu atatu alionse pa chilumba cha Reunion chomwe chili ku France ku Indian Ocean adwala. Vutoli likufalikiranso kumayiko aku South-East Asia monga India ndi Bangladesh. Kuphatikiza apo, mayiko aku Europe monga France ndi Italy anenapo zamilandu yomwe idatumizidwa kunja, komanso kufala komweko kwadziwika.

Kodi Chikungunya Fever ndi chiyani?

Chikungunya fever ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chikungunya virus, membala wa mtundu wa Alphavirus mkati mwa banja la Togaviridae. Dzina lakuti "chikungunya" linachokera ku chinenero cha Kimakonde ku Tanzania, kutanthauza "kupindika," lomwe limafotokoza momveka bwino momwe odwala amakhalira chifukwa cha ululu wopweteka kwambiri.

Zizindikiro

• Malungo: Akadwala, kutentha kwa thupi la odwala kumatha kukwera kufika pa 39°C kapena ngakhale 40°C, malungowo amakhala kwa masiku 1-7.
• Ululu Pamodzi: Kupweteka kwambiri kwa mafupa ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino. Kaŵirikaŵiri amakhudza timfundo ting’onoting’ono ta manja ndi mapazi, monga zala, m’mikono, akakolo, ndi zala. Ululu ukhoza kukhala wochuluka kwambiri moti umasokoneza kwambiri kuyenda kwa wodwala, ndipo nthawi zina, kupweteka kwa mafupa kumapitirira kwa masabata, miyezi, kapena zaka zitatu.
• Ziphuphu: Pambuyo pa siteji ya kutentha kwakukulu, odwala ambiri amatuluka zidzolo pa thunthu, miyendo, manja, ndi miyendo. The zidzolo zambiri amaoneka 2-5 patatha masiku isanayambike matenda ndipo ali mu mawonekedwe a red maculopapules.
• Zizindikiro Zina: Odwala amathanso kukhala ndi myalgia, kupweteka mutu, nseru, kusanza, kutopa, ndi conjunctival conjunctival. Nthawi zina, odwala ena amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro za m'mimba monga kusowa kwa njala ndi kupweteka kwa m'mimba.

Odwala ambiri amatha kuchiza chikungunya fever. Komabe, nthawi zina, mavuto aakulu monga magazi, encephalitis, ndi myelitis amatha kuchitika, zomwe zingakhale zoopsa. Okalamba, makanda, ndi anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga zovuta.

Njira zotumizira

Njira yoyamba yopatsira chikungunya fever ndi kulumidwa ndi udzudzu wa Aedes, makamaka Aedes aegypti ndi Aedes albopictus, womwe umadziwikanso kuti "udzudzu wamaluwa." Udzudzu umenewu umatenga kachilombo akaluma munthu kapena nyama ndi viremia (kukhalapo kwa kachilomboka m'magazi). Pambuyo pa makulitsidwe kwa masiku 2 mpaka 10 mkati mwa udzudzu, kachilomboka kamachulukana ndikufika m'matumbo a udzudzu. Pambuyo pake, udzudzu wogwidwa ndi kachilomboka uluma munthu wathanzi, kachilomboka kamafalikira, kumayambitsa matenda. Palibe umboni wa kufalikira kwachindunji kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri m'madera otentha komanso otentha. Kufalikira kwake kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, nthawi zambiri kumafika pachimake cha mliri pakatha nyengo yamvula. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mvula yowonjezereka imapangitsa kuti udzudzu wa Aedes ukhale wokulirapo, kupangitsa kuti udzudzu uzitha kuswana mofulumira ndipo motero kumapangitsa kuti kachilombo ka HIV kafalitse.

Njira Zodziwira

Kuyeza kwa labotale kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwunika kolondola kwa chikungunya fever.

Kuzindikira ma virus

Reverse-transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira chikungunya virus RNA mu seramu kapena plasma, yomwe imatha kutsimikizira matendawa. Kupatula kachilomboka ku seramu ya wodwalayo ndi njira yotsimikiziranso, koma ndizovuta komanso zimatenga nthawi.

Kuzindikira kwa Antibody

• Chikungunya IgM Test: Mayesowa amatha kuzindikira ma antibodies a IgM omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka chikungunya. Ma antibodies a IgM amayamba kuonekera m'magazi patatha masiku asanu chiyambireni matendawa. Komabe, zotsatira zabodza zitha kuchitika, chifukwa chake zotsatira zabwino za IgM nthawi zambiri zimafunika kutsimikizidwanso poletsa mayeso a antibody.
• Chikungunya IgG/IgM Test: Mayesowa amatha kuzindikira nthawi imodzi ma antibodies a IgG ndi IgM. Ma antibodies a IgG amawonekera mochedwa kuposa ma antibodies a IgM ndipo amatha kuwonetsa kukhudzana ndi kachilomboka kale kapena m'mbuyomu. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ma IgG antibody titers pakati pa acute-phase ndi convalescent-phase sera kungathandizenso kuzindikira.
• Mayeso a Combo:

◦Zika Virus Antibody IgG/IgM Test: Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunika kusiyanitsa chikungunya ndi matenda a virus a Zika, chifukwa onsewa ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi udzudzu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zina zodumphadumpha.

◦ZIKA IgG/IgM + Chikungunya IgG/IgM Combo Test: Amalola kuti azindikire panthawi imodzi ya ma antibodies motsutsana ndi Zika ndi chikungunya mavairasi, omwe ndi othandiza m'madera omwe mavairasi onse amatha kuyendayenda.

◦Dengue NS1 + Dengue IgG/IgM + Zika IgG/IgM Combo TestndiDengue NS1 + Dengue IgG/IgM + Zika + Chikungunya Combo Test: Awa ndi mayeso owonjezera. Amatha kuzindikira chikungunya ndi Zika komanso zizindikiro za virus ya dengue. Popeza dengue, chikungunya, ndi Zika onse ndi matenda ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana m'mayambiriro oyambirira, mayesero awa a combo angathandize kuzindikira zosiyana. Tebulo ili likufotokoza mwachidule mbali zazikulu za mayesowa:

Kuzindikira Kosiyana

Chikungunya fever iyenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi matenda ena angapo chifukwa cha zizindikiro zake:

• Matenda a Dengue: Poyerekeza ndi matenda a dengue fever, chikungunya fever imakhala ndi nthawi yaifupi. Koma ululu wa chikungunya umamveka bwino ndipo umapitirira kwa nthawi yaitali. Mu matenda a dengue fever, kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi minofu kuliponso koma nthawi zambiri sikovuta komanso kotalika monga chikungunya. Kuphatikiza apo, chikungunya fever ili ndi chizolowezi chotaya magazi kwambiri poyerekeza ndi fever ya dengue. Zikavuta kwambiri matenda a dengue, zizindikiro za magazi monga kutuluka magazi m'mphuno, kutuluka m'kamwa, ndi petechiae zimakhala zofala.
• Matenda a Zika Virus: Matenda a Zika virus nthawi zambiri amayambitsa zizindikiro zochepa poyerekeza ndi chikungunya. Ngakhale kuti onsewa amatha kukhala ndi malungo, zidzolo, ndi kupweteka kwa mafupa, ululu wa Zika nthawi zambiri umakhala wocheperako. Kuonjezera apo, matenda a Zika amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zovuta zina monga microcephaly mwa makanda obadwa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo, zomwe sizikuwoneka mu chikungunya fever.
• O'nyong-nyong ndi Matenda Ena a Alphavirus: Matendawa akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi chikungunya, kuphatikizapo kutentha thupi ndi kupweteka kwa mafupa. Komabe, kuyezetsa kwa labotale kumafunika kuti muzindikire molondola kachilombo ka causative. Mwachitsanzo, kuyesa kwa maselo kumatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa ma alphavirus osiyanasiyana kutengera momwe amakhalira.
• Erythema Infectiosum: Erythema infectiosum, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti matenda achisanu, imayambitsidwa ndi parvovirus B19. Amakhala ndi zidzolo pankhope "yomenyedwa mbama", ndikutsatiridwa ndi zidzolo ngati lacy pathupi. Mosiyana ndi izi, zidzolo za chikungunya ndizofala kwambiri ndipo sizingakhale ndi mawonekedwe enieni "omenyedwa mbama".
• Matenda Ena Opatsirana: Chikungunya fever ikufunikanso kusiyanitsidwa ndi chimfine, chikuku, rubella, ndi matenda opatsirana a mononucleosis. Fuluwenza nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zizindikiro za kupuma monga chifuwa, zilonda zapakhosi, kutsekeka kwa mphuno kuwonjezera pa kutentha thupi ndi kuwawa kwa thupi. Chikuku ndi yodziwika ndi Koplik mawanga m`kamwa ndi khalidwe zidzolo kufalikira mu yeniyeni chitsanzo. Rubella ali ndi njira yochepetsetsa yokhala ndi zidzolo zomwe zimawonekera kale ndikuzimiririka mwachangu. Matenda a mononucleosis amagwirizana ndi lymphadenopathy ndi atypical lymphocytes m'magazi.
• Matenda a Rheumatic ndi Bakiteriya: Mikhalidwe monga nyamakazi ya nyamakazi ndi nyamakazi ya bakiteriya iyenera kuganiziridwa pozindikira kusiyana. Rheumatic fever nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mbiri ya matenda a streptococcal ndipo ikhoza kusonyeza carditis kuphatikizapo zizindikiro za mgwirizano. Bakiteriya nyamakazi nthawi zambiri imakhudza mfundo imodzi kapena zingapo, ndipo pakhoza kukhala zizindikiro za kutupa kwanuko monga kutentha, kufiira, ndi kupweteka kwakukulu. Kuyesa kwa labotale, kuphatikiza zikhalidwe zamagazi ndi kuyesa kwa antibody, kungathandize kusiyanitsa izi ndi chikungunya fever.

Kupewa

Kupewa chikungunya fever makamaka kumayang'ana kwambiri kuwongolera udzudzu komanso chitetezo chamunthu:

• Kuletsa udzudzu:

◦Environmental Management: Popeza kuti udzudzu wa Aedes umaswana m’madzi osasunthika, kuchotsa malo amene udzudzu ungathe kuswana n’kofunika kwambiri. Zimenezi zikuphatikizapo kukhuthula ndi kuyeretsa ziŵiya zosungiramo madzi nthaŵi zonse, monga miphika yamaluwa, zidebe, ndi matayala akale. M’matauni, kasamalidwe koyenera ka malo osungira madzi ndi ngalande zotayirako kungachepetse kwambiri kuswana kwa udzudzu.

◦Zoletsa Udzudzu ndi Zovala Zoteteza: Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othamangitsa udzudzu omwe ali ndi zinthu zogwira ntchito monga DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), picaridin, kapena IR3535 amatha kuthamangitsa udzudzu. Kuvala malaya a manja aatali, mathalauza aatali, ndi masokosi, makamaka panthaŵi imene udzudzu umaluma kwambiri (m’bandakucha ndi madzulo), kungachepetsenso chiopsezo cha kulumidwa ndi udzudzu.

• Njira Zaumoyo wa Anthu:

◦Kuyang'anira ndi Kuzindikira Moyambirira: Kukhazikitsa njira zowunikira kuti muzindikire matenda a chikungunya fever nthawi yomweyo ndikofunikira. Izi zimalola kukhazikitsa mwachangu njira zowongolera kuti mupewe kufalikira kwina. M'madera omwe matendawa ndi ofala kapena omwe ali pachiopsezo choyambitsa matendawa, kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse kuchuluka kwa udzudzu ndi zochitika za kachilomboka ndizofunikira.

◦Kudzipatula ndi Chithandizo cha Odwala: Odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ayenera kukhala kwaokha kuti apewe kulumidwa ndi udzudzu komanso kufalitsa kachilomboka. Zipatala ndi zipatala ziyeneranso kuchitapo kanthu kuti apewe kufala kwa nosocomial (kuchipatala). Chithandizo chimayang'ana kwambiri pakuchepetsa zizindikiro, monga kugwiritsa ntchito antipyretic kuti muchepetse kutentha thupi komanso mankhwala ochepetsa ululu kuti muchepetse ululu.

Pamene anthu padziko lonse lapansi akulimbana ndi chiwopsezo cha chikungunya fever, ndikofunikira kuti anthu, madera, ndi maboma achitepo kanthu kuti apewe kufalikira ndikuteteza thanzi la anthu..