WHO ta yi ƙararrawa game da zazzabin Chikungunya yayin da Foshan ke fama da cutar

A wani ci gaba da ya shafi hukumar lafiya ta duniya WHO, ta yi gargadi game da zazzabin chikungunya, cutar sauro, yayin da al'amura ke ci gaba da ta'azzara a garin Foshan na kasar Sin. Ya zuwa ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2025, Foshan ya ba da rahoton mutane sama da 3,000 da aka tabbatar sun kamu da zazzabin chikungunya, wadanda dukkansu masu sauki ne, a cewar sabon rahoton hukumomin lafiya na yankin.

Yaduwar Duniya da Hadarin

Diana Alvarez, shugabar kungiyar Arbovirus ta WHO, ta bayyana a wani taron manema labarai a Geneva a ranar 22 ga watan Yuli cewa, an gano cutar ta chikungunya a kasashe da yankuna 119. Kimanin mutane miliyan 550 ne ke cikin hadarin kamuwa da wannan cutar ta sauro, tare da yuwuwar barkewar annobar da za ta iya mamaye tsarin kiwon lafiya. Alvarez ya yi nuni da cewa kimanin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, wata babbar cutar zazzabin chikungunya da ta barke a yankin tekun Indiya ta shafi mutane kusan 500,000. A bana, kusan kashi daya bisa uku na al'ummar tsibirin Reunion dake cikin Tekun Indiya mallakin Faransa ne suka kamu da cutar. Haka kuma kwayar cutar tana yaduwa a kasashen Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya kamar Indiya da Bangladesh. Haka kuma, kasashen Turai kamar Faransa da Italiya kwanan nan sun ba da rahoton bullar cutar da aka shigo da su, tare da gano watsawar cikin gida.

Menene zazzabin Chikungunya?

Zazzabin Chikungunya cuta ce mai saurin yaɗuwa da ƙwayar cuta ta chikungunya, memba ce ta alfavirus a cikin dangin Togaviridae. Sunan "chikungunya" ya samo asali ne daga yaren Kimakonde a Tanzaniya, ma'ana "ya zama mai ruɗewa," wanda ke bayyana a fili yadda majiyyata suka durƙusa saboda matsanancin ciwon haɗin gwiwa.

Alamun

• Zazzaɓi: Da zarar kamuwa da cutar, zazzabin jikin marasa lafiya na iya tashi da sauri zuwa 39°C ko ma 40°C, tare da zazzabin yawanci daga kwanaki 1-7.
• Ciwon Haɗuwa: Ciwon haɗin gwiwa mai tsanani alama ce ta alama. Yana sau da yawa yana shafar ƙananan haɗin gwiwar hannu da ƙafafu, kamar yatsu, wuyan hannu, idon sawu, da yatsu. Zafin na iya zama mai tsanani wanda zai iya cutar da motsin majiyyaci sosai, kuma a wasu lokuta, ciwon haɗin gwiwa zai iya ci gaba har tsawon makonni, watanni, ko ma har zuwa shekaru 3.
• Rashi: Bayan matakin zazzabi mai zafi, yawancin marasa lafiya suna samun kurji a jikin gangar jikin, gaɓoɓi, tafin hannu, da tafin hannu. Kurjin yakan bayyana kwanaki 2-5 bayan bayyanar cutar kuma yana cikin nau'in jan maculopapulules.
• Sauran Alamomin: Marasa lafiya kuma na iya samun ciwon kai, ciwon kai, tashin zuciya, amai, gajiya, da cunkoso. A lokuta da ba kasafai ba, wasu marasa lafiya na iya samun alamun narkewa kamar su asarar ci da ciwon ciki.

Yawancin marasa lafiya na iya samun cikakkiyar murmurewa daga zazzabin chikungunya. Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta da ba kasafai ba, matsaloli masu tsanani kamar zub da jini, ciwon hauka, da myelitis na iya faruwa, wanda zai iya zama barazana ga rayuwa. Tsofaffi, jarirai, da daidaikun mutanen da ke da yanayin rashin lafiya suna cikin haɗarin haɓaka rikice-rikice.

Hanyoyin watsawa

Babban hanyar yada cutar zazzabin chikungunya shine ta hanyar cizon sauro Aedes da suka kamu da cutar, musamman Aedes aegypti da Aedes albopictus, wanda kuma aka fi sani da “saro mai siffar fure.” Wadannan sauro suna kamuwa da cutar ne idan suka ciji mutum ko dabba mai cutar viremia (kasancewar kwayar cutar a cikin jini). Bayan lokacin shiryawa na kwanaki 2-10 a cikin sauro, kwayar cutar ta ninka kuma ta kai ga glandar salivary na sauro. Bayan haka, lokacin da sauro mai cutar ya ciji mai lafiya, ana daukar kwayar cutar, yana haifar da kamuwa da cuta. Babu wata shaida ta watsa kai tsaye daga mutum zuwa mutum. Cutar tana yaduwa a yankuna masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi. Yaduwarsa yana da alaƙa da sauye-sauyen yanayi na yanayi, galibi yana kaiwa ga kololuwar annoba bayan damina. Wannan shi ne saboda karuwar ruwan sama yana ba da ƙarin wuraren haifuwa ga sauro Aedes, yana sauƙaƙe haifuwa cikin sauri kuma yana haɓaka yiwuwar watsa kwayar cutar.

Hanyoyin Ganewa

Gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gano ainihin zazzabin chikungunya.

Gano Kwayar cuta

Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) za a iya amfani da shi don gano chikungunya virus RNA a cikin jini ko jini, wanda zai iya tabbatar da ganewar asali. Ware kwayar cutar daga jinin mara lafiya shima hanya ce mai tabbatarwa, amma ta fi rikitarwa da daukar lokaci.

Gano Antibody

• Gwajin Chikungunya IgM: Wannan gwajin zai iya gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi na IgM musamman ga cutar chikungunya. Maganin rigakafi na IgM yakan fara bayyana a cikin jini kwanaki 5 bayan bayyanar cutar. Koyaya, sakamako mai inganci na iya faruwa, don haka tabbataccen sakamako na IgM galibi ana buƙatar ƙara tabbatarwa ta hanyar kawar da gwajin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Gwajin Chikungunya IgG/IgM: Wannan gwajin na iya gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi na IgG da IgM a lokaci guda. Kwayoyin rigakafi na IgG suna fitowa daga baya fiye da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na IgM kuma suna iya nuna bayyanar cutar da ta gabata ko ta baya. Mahimmin haɓakawa a cikin titers antibody IgG tsakanin babban lokaci-lokaci da sera-convalescent-sera shima na iya tallafawa gano cutar.
• Gwajin haduwa:

◦Zika Virus Antibody IgG/IgM Test: Ana iya amfani da ita lokacin da ake buƙatar bambance chikungunya da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na Zika, domin duka biyun cututtukan sauro ne waɗanda ke ɗauke da wasu alamomi masu rikitarwa.

◦ZIKA IgG/IgM + Chikungunya IgG/IgM Combo Test: Yana ba da damar gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi a lokaci guda daga ƙwayoyin cuta na Zika da chikungunya, waɗanda ke da amfani a wuraren da ƙwayoyin cuta biyu na iya yaduwa.

◦Dengue NS1 + Dengue IgG/IgM + Zika IgG/IgM Combo TestkumaDengue NS1 + Dengue IgG/IgM + Zika + Chikungunya Combo Test: Waɗannan su ne ƙarin cikakkun gwaje-gwaje. Suna iya gano ba kawai chikungunya da Zika ba har ma da alamun cutar dengue. Tun da dengue, chikungunya, da Zika duk cututtuka ne da sauro ke haifar da su tare da alamomi iri ɗaya a farkon matakan, waɗannan gwaje-gwajen haɗin gwiwa na iya taimakawa wajen gano ainihin ganewar asali. Tebur mai zuwa yana taƙaita mahimman abubuwan waɗannan gwaje-gwajen:

Binciken Daban-daban

Zazzaɓin Chikungunya yana buƙatar bambanta da wasu cututtuka da yawa saboda abubuwan da ke tattare da shi:

• Zazzabin Dengue: Idan aka kwatanta da zazzabin dengue, zazzabin chikungunya yana da ɗan gajeren lokacin zazzabi. Amma ciwon haɗin gwiwa a chikungunya ya fi fitowa fili kuma yana dawwama na tsawon lokaci. A cikin zazzabin dengue, ciwon haɗin gwiwa da tsoka suna nan amma gabaɗaya ba su da ƙarfi kuma suna daɗewa kamar a chikungunya. Bugu da ƙari, zazzaɓin chikungunya yana da yanayin zub da jini mai sauƙi idan aka kwatanta da zazzabin dengue. A cikin lokuta masu tsanani na dengue, bayyanar jini kamar jinin hanci, zubar da jini, da petechiae sun fi yawa.
• Cutar Cutar Zika: Kwayar cutar ta Zika takan haifar da ƙananan alamun idan aka kwatanta da chikungunya. Duk da yake duka biyu na iya kasancewa tare da zazzaɓi, rash, da ciwon haɗin gwiwa, ciwon haɗin gwiwa a Zika yawanci ba shi da tsanani. Bugu da ƙari, kamuwa da cutar Zika yana da alaƙa da takamaiman matsaloli irin su microcephaly a cikin jariran da aka haifa ga iyaye mata masu kamuwa da cuta, wanda ba a gani a zazzabi na chikungunya.
• O'nyong-nyong da sauran cututtuka na Alphavirus: Wadannan cututtuka na iya samun irin wannan alamomin zuwa chikungunya, ciki har da zazzabi da ciwon haɗin gwiwa. Koyaya, ana buƙatar takamaiman gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje don gano ainihin ƙwayar cuta mai haddasawa. Misali, gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta na iya bambanta tsakanin alphaviruses daban-daban dangane da nau'ikan kwayoyin halittarsu na musamman.
• Erythema Infection: Erythema infectiosum, wanda kuma aka sani da cuta ta biyar, yana haifar da parvovirus B19. Yawanci yana gabatar da kurji mai “kunci-kunci” a fuska, sannan kuma kurji mai kama da lacy a jiki. Sabanin haka, kurjin da ke cikin chikungunya ya fi yaɗu kuma maiyuwa ba shi da takamaiman bayyanar “kunci-kunci”.
• Sauran Cututtuka masu Yaduwa: Zazzabin Chikungunya kuma yana buƙatar bambanta da mura, kyanda, rubella, da mononucleosis masu kamuwa da cuta. Mura ya fi gabatar da alamun numfashi kamar tari, ciwon makogwaro, da cunkoson hanci baya ga zazzabi da ciwon jiki. Kyanda yana da alamun Koplik spots a cikin baki da kuma halin kurji wanda ke yaduwa a cikin takamaiman tsari. Rubella tana da hanya mafi sauƙi tare da kurji wanda ke bayyana a baya kuma yana bushewa da sauri. mononucleosis mai kamuwa da cuta yana da alaƙa da fitattun lymphadenopathy da ƙwayoyin lymphocytes a cikin jini.
• Cututtukan Rheumatic da Bacterial: Ya kamata a yi la'akari da yanayi kamar zazzabi na rheumatic da cututtukan cututtuka na kwayan cuta a cikin ganewar asali. Rheumatic zazzabi sau da yawa yana hade da tarihin kamuwa da cutar streptococcal kuma yana iya kasancewa tare da carditis ban da alamun haɗin gwiwa. Bacterial arthritis yawanci yana shafar ɗaya ko ƴan gidajen abinci, kuma ana iya samun alamun kumburin gida kamar zafi, ja, da babban zafi. Gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje, gami da al'adun jini da takamaiman gwaje-gwajen rigakafin mutum, na iya taimakawa bambance waɗannan daga zazzabin chikungunya.

Rigakafi

Hana zazzabin chikungunya ya fi mayar da hankali kan magance sauro da kariya ta mutum:

• Kula da sauro:

◦Gudanar da Muhalli: Tun da sauro Aedes ya haihu a cikin ruwa maras nauyi, kawar da wuraren kiwo yana da mahimmanci. Wannan ya haɗa da zubar da ruwa akai-akai da tsaftace kwantena waɗanda za su iya ɗaukar ruwa, kamar tukwane na fure, bokiti, da tsofaffin tayoyi. A cikin birane, kula da wuraren ajiyar ruwa da tsarin magudanar ruwa na iya rage yawan haifuwar sauro.

◦Maganin Sauro da Tufafin Kariya: Yin amfani da magungunan sauro mai ɗauke da sinadarai masu aiki kamar DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide), picaridin, ko IR3535 na iya korar sauro yadda ya kamata. Sanye da riguna masu dogon hannu, dogon wando, da safa, musamman a lokutan cizon sauro (alfijir da faɗuwar rana) na iya rage haɗarin cizon sauro.

• Matakan Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a:

◦Sa ido da Ganewar Farko: Samar da ingantattun tsarin sa ido don gano kamuwa da cutar zazzabin chikungunya yana da matukar muhimmanci. Wannan yana ba da damar aiwatar da saurin aiwatar da matakan sarrafawa don hana ƙarin yaduwa. A wuraren da cutar ke da yawa ko kuma ke cikin haɗarin gabatarwa, kulawa akai-akai game da yawan sauro da ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta ya zama dole.

◦Keɓewa da Maganin Marasa lafiya: Ya kamata a ware majinyatan da suka kamu da cutar don hana cizon sauro da kamuwa da cutar daga baya. Asibitoci da wuraren kiwon lafiya ya kamata kuma su ɗauki matakan da suka dace don hana watsawar asibiti (an asibiti). Jiyya ya fi mayar da hankali kan kawar da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, kamar yin amfani da maganin antipyretic don rage zazzabi da analgesics don kawar da ciwon haɗin gwiwa.

Yayin da al'ummar duniya ke fama da barazanar zazzabin chikungunya, yana da matukar muhimmanci ga daidaikun mutane, al'ummomi, da gwamnatoci su dauki matakan da suka dace don hana yaduwarsa da kare lafiyar jama'a..