Qalabka tignoolajiyada ugu horumarsan - madal lagu ogaanayo difaaca jirka, madal lagu ogaanayo molecu-larbiology, boosteejada baaritaanka xaashida asaasiga ah ee borotiinka - fududahay in la isticmaalo, qalab looma baahna si loo farsameeyo muunada ama loo akhriyo natiijada - codsi balaadhan oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan ogaanshaha cudurada faafa, daroogada xadgudubka iwm.
